Rodolphus Dickinson (December 28, 1797 – March 20, 1849) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.
Born in Hatfield, Massachusetts, Dickinson attended the public schools and Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts from 1818 to 1821. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Tiffin, Ohio. He was appointed prosecuting attorney for Seneca County in 1824, for Williams County in 1826, and for Sandusky County in 1827. He moved to Lower Sandusky, Ohio, in 1826. He served as a member of the Board of Public Works of Ohio 1836–1845.
Dickinson was elected as a Democrat to the Thirtieth and Thirty-first Congresses and served from March 4, 1847, until his death in Washington, D.C., on March 20, 1849. He was interred in Washington, D.C.. He was reinterred in Oakwood Cemetery, Fremont, Ohio.
A different "Rodolphus Dickinson" (1787–1863) translated "A New and Corrected Version of the New Testament; or, a minute revision, and professed translation of the original histories, memoirs, letters, prophecies, and other productions of the Evangelists and Apostles: to which are subjoined a few, generally brief, critical, explanatory and practical notes," which was published in 1833 by Lilly, Wait, Colman and Holden of Boston (description).